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Overview[]

The Geschützwagen III/IV für 15cm s.F.H. 18/1 (Sf.) (abbreviated as G.W. III/IV für 15cm s.F.H. 18/1 (Sf.)), also known as Hummel, is a German self-propelled howitzer developed in the early 1940s.

Names[]

Hummel
Suggestivname. Ordered to be discontinued in February 1944.
Geschützwagen III
K.St.N. 461b, 16 Jan 1943
schwere Feldhaubitze 18/1 (Sf.) auf Geschützwagen IV
D 2026, 1 Jul 1943
Geschützwagen III/IV "Hummel" für s.F.H. 18/1 (Sd.Kfz. 165)
In 6, 6 Aug 1943
Geschützwagen III/IV
K.St.N. 461b, 1 Nov 1943
Geschützwagen III/IV für s.F.H. 18/1 (Sf.) (Sd.Kfz. 165)
In 6, 18 Mar 1944
schwere Panzerhaubitze auf Sd.Kfz. 165
K.St.N.431, 1 May 1944
schwere Panzerhaubitze 18/1 auf Fgst.Pz.Kpfw. III/IV (Sf.) (Sd.Kfz. 165)
Wa Prüf, Oct 1944

Development[]

The Grille and Heuschrecke began development in Spring 1942, but were going to take some time before being ready for series production. The OKH decided to develop a new self-propelled howitzer as an interim solution. Rheinmetall and Alkett (together) were awarded contracts to create a new mid-engined chassis utilizing automotive components from the Pz.Kpfw. III and Pz.Kpfw. IV chassis'. The submitted design consisted of the following design choices;

  • HL 120 TRM engine, cooling system, suspension, idler, and track tension adjustment system from the Pz.Kpfw. IV.
  • Final drive and ZF SSG 77 transmission utilized from the Pz.Kpfw. III.
  • Upper superstructure armour consisting of 10mm E11 chrome-silicon plates hardened to 153kg/mm², capable of protection against shell fragments.
  • Front hull armour consisting of 30mm E32 face-hardened chrome-nickel plates.
  • Rest of the hull armour consisting of SM-Stahl (carbon-steel) hardened to 75 to 90kg/mm², capable of protection against armour-piercing 7,92x57mm ammunition (equivalent of 14.5mm of E11).
  • 15cm s.F.H. 18/1 mounted on a base plate above the engine compartment.
  • Two M.P. 38 and one M.G. 34 for the crew.
  • Fu.Spr.Ger. f radio system, and Bordsprechgerät for internal communication.

Because only 18 rounds were carried by the vehicle, plans were made to make an ammunition carrier based on the same chassis. The Geschützwagen III/IV für Munition was developed, and would take combat models from the factory floor and convert them.

Deutsche Eisenwerke AG was awarded contract SS210-8911/43 to assemble the vehicles. The initial contract called for 500 (including ammunition carriers) was filed. 20 were constructed at Werk Teplitz Schönau, while the remainder were to be constructed at Werk Stahlindustrie (lgt).

Production Numbers
Date Hummel Hummel (munition) Notes
Jan 1943 0 -
Feb 1943 5 -
Mar 1943 26 -
Apr 1943 49 0
May 1943 35 5
Jun 1943 26 9
Jul 1943 30 10
Aug 1943 38 2
Sep 1943 30 19
Oct 1943 43 14
Nov 1943 51 20
Dec 1943 35 17
Jan 1944 32 13
Feb 1944 50 18
Mar 1944 47 13
Apr 1944 35 6
May 1944 29 4
Jun 1944 4 0
Jul 1944 0 0
Aug 1944 50 0
Sep 1944 13 0
Oct 1944 0 0 Shortages of transmissions and engines preventing production.
Nov 1944 5 7
Dec 1944 24 0
Jan 1945 42 0
Feb 1945 5 0
Mar 1945 1 0
Apr 1945 0 0
May 1945 0 0 One unfinished Hummel at the factory on 6 May 1945.
Total 705 157

Actual production didn't end up like this, with Werk Stahindustrie producing the majority. Stahlindustrie produced 705 Hummel and 107 ammunition carrier variants, with Teplitz Schönau not producing any Hummels except for 50 ammunition carriers. Wa J Rue was responsible for reporting the completed vehicles, and had reported only a single Hummel at the factory on 6 May 1945.

Modifications[]

The Hummel received modifications during production;

  • Revised track guards, removal of right-side headlight. (15 May 1943)
  • Removal of the exhaust muffler, addition of tow hooks. (23 Jun 1943, enacted Aug 1943)
  • Revised driver's compartment and front plate. (6 Dec 1943, enacted Feb 1944 from Fgst.Nr. 320501)
  • Strengthened final drive. (July 1944)
  • Revised cooling intake and exhaust (7 Dec 1943, enacted Aug 1944)

Conclusion[]

The Hummel was originally intended to fill the gap in production for the Wespe and Grille, but ended up becoming its own class of self-propelled howitzer. The vehicle was issued to most armoured divisions and a few select artillery units, and saw extensive service.

The Hummel would receive competition in the form of projects to replace it, many such projects were undertaken but ultimately none would enter series production before the war ended.

Variants[]

Geschützwagen III/IV für s.F.H. 18/1 (Sf.) (Sd.Kfz. 165) "Hummel"
Self-propelled howitzer.
Geschützwagen III/IV für Munition
Ammunition carrier.

Derivatives

leichter Panzerhaubitze auf Hummel Fahrgestell "Hummel-Wespe"
Hummel armed with the 10,5cm le.F.H. 18/40 instead of the 15cm s.F.H. 18/1.


Service History[]

The Hummel was issued in accordance with K.St.N. 461b as a Batterie schwere Feldhaubitze 18/1 (6 Geschütz) (Sfl.). Six vehicles were assigned to a battery, which would be usually deployed alongside two Wespe batteries, under a Panzer-Division. This was later revised to add two ammunition carriers to the battery, starting May 1943.

For independent artillery units, 14 Hummel and 9 Muni-Kfz. were assigned.

First combat usage of the Hummel was on 5 July 1943 during Operation Zitadelle.

Unit Amount Date Chassis No. Notes
Insignia of the 1. Pz.Div 1. Panzer-Division 6 30 Jun 1943 320020, 320025, 320028, 320029, 320032, 320034
6 31 Dec 1943
Insignia of the 2. Pz.Div. 2. Panzer-Division 6 30 Jun 1943 Unknown
6 31 Dec 1943
Insignia of the 3. Pz.Div. 3. Panzer-Division 6 31 Dec 1943 Unknown
Insignia of the 4. Pz.Div. 4. Panzer-Division 6 30 Jun 1943 320095, 320096, 320099, unknown others
6 31 Dec 1943
Insignia of the 5. Pz.Div 5. Panzer-Division ? ? Unknown
Insignia of the 6. Pz.Div. 6. Panzer-Division 6 30 Jun 1943 320047, 320067, 320071, 320075, 320081, 320097
6 31 Dec 1943
Insignia of the 7. Pz.Div 7. Panzer-Division 6 (Z) 30 Jun 1943 320106, 320112, 320113, 320115, 320121, 320123
6 31 Dec 1943
Insignia of the 8. Pz.Div 8. Panzer-Division 6 31 Dec 1943 320287, 320303, 320306, 320310, 320314, 320318
Insignia of the 9. Pz.Div. 9. Panzer-Division 6 (Z) 30 Jun 1943 Unknown
6 31 Dec 1943
Insignia of the 11. Pz.Div. 11. Panzer-Division 6 30 Jun 1943 320052, 320069, 320073, 320078, 320094, 320095
6 31 Dec 1943
Insignia of the 12. Pz.Div. 12. Panzer-Division 6 (Z) 30 Jun 1943 Unknown
6 31 Dec 1943
Insignia of the 13. Pz.Div. 13. Panzer-Division 6 (Z) 30 Jun 1943 Unknown
6 31 Dec 1943
Insignia of the 14. Pz.Div. 14. Panzer-Division 6 30 Jun 1943 Unknown
6 31 Dec 1943
Insignia of the 16. Pz.Div. 16. Panzer-Division 6 30 Jun 1943 Unknown
7 31 Dec 1943
Insignia of the 17. Pz.Div. 17. Panzer-Division 6 30 Jun 1943 Unknown
7 31 Dec 1943
Insignia of the 19. Pz.Div. 19. Panzer-Division 6 31 Dec 1943 320164, 320175, 320178, 320182, 320183, 320184
Insignia of the 20. Pz.Div 20. Panzer-Division 6 (Z) 30 Jun 1943 Unknown
6 31 Dec 1943
Insignia of the 23. Pz.Div. 23. Panzer-Division 6 31 Dec 1943 Unknown
Insignia of the 24. Pz.Div 24. Panzer-Division 6 30 Jun 1943 Unknown
6 31 Dec 1943
Insignia of the 24. Pz.Div. 25. Panzer-Division 6 30 Jun 1943 320122, 320136, 320157, 320158, 320159, 320160
6 31 Dec 1943
Insignia of the 26. Pz.Div. 26. Panzer-Division 6 30 Jun 1943 Unknown
6 31 Dec 1943
Insignia of the 90. Pz.Gren.Div. 90. Panzergrenadier-Division 6 30 Jun 1943 Unknown
6 31 Dec 1943
Insignia of the Großdeutchland Pz.Gren.Div. Panzergrenadier-Division Großdeutschland 6 30 Jun 1943 320012, 320018, 320019, 320022, 320026, 320027
6 31 Dec 1943
II./Art.Rgt.42 4 31 Dec 1943 Unknown
II./Art.Rgt.63 14 31 Dec 1943 Unknown
II./Art.Rgt.71 14 31 Dec 1943 Unknown
II./Art.Rgt.843 14 31 Dec 1943 Unknown
s.Art.Abt.101 14 (Z) 31 Dec 1943 320348, 320387, 320389, 320392, 320400, 320402, 320406, 320408, 320412, 320414, 320415, 320422, 320423, 320425
Art.Abt.536 14 31 Dec 1943 Unknown
s.Art.Abt.845 14 31 Dec 1943 Unknown
Insignia of Fallschirm-Panzer-Division 1 Hermann Göring Fallschirm-Panzer-Division 1 Hermann Göring 6 31 Dec 1943 Unknown
18.Art.Div. 6 (Z) 30 Jun 1943 320130, 320143, unknown others
4 31 Dec 1943
Insignia of the 1. SS-Pz.Div. 1. SS-Panzer-Division "LSSAH" 6 30 Jun 1943 320033, 320035, 320037, 320041, 320042, 320044
6 31 Dec 1943
Insignia of the 2. SS-Pz.Div. 2. SS-Panzer-Division "Das Reich" 6 30 Jun 1943 320046, 320051, 320076, 320083, 320084, 320087
6 31 Dec 1943
Insignia of the 3. SS-Pz.Div. 3. SS-Panzer-Division "Totenkopf" 6 30 Jun 1943 320049, 320065, 320082, 320089, 320098, 320100
6 31 Dec 1943
Insignia of the 5. SS-Pz.Div. 5. SS-Panzer-Division "Wiking" 6 31 Dec 1943 Unknown
Insignia of the 9. SS-Pz.Div. 9. SS-Panzer-Division "Hohenstaufen" 6 31 Dec 1943 320211, 320213, 320217, 320226, 320228, 320231
Insignia of the 10. SS-Pz.Div. 10. SS-Panzer-Division "Frundsberg" 6 31 Dec 1943 320200, 320201, 320215, 320216, 320221, 320223

Experience[]

Various faults were reported during usage;

  • Continuous employment lead to poorly trained replacements and usage of spare parts. An issue present for any vehicle.
  • An occurrence of a gear breaking off, resulting in the entire mounting shattering.
  • Bolts would break off, and as a result the final drive housing would break off. Thought to be a result of turning the vehicle on the spot.
  • Numerous failures of the idler wheel mounting. Thought to be a result of turning the vehicle on the spot.
  • Reported to be unsuitable in moutainous terrain, such as the southern Eastern Front, and in Italy. The troops even call for their towed artillery back.
  • The engine is too weak, compared to motorized artillery the Hummel and Wespe are a third of the speed.
  • The final drive would occasionally break down while attempting to steer through tight curves in mountainous environments.
  • Brakes, brake linings, and rivets, are overtaxed on poor terrain, resulting in break downs and expenditure of all spare parts.
  • Other issues were not seen as a major problem, including loosening rivets, and coolant leaking.

Various strengths were also reported;

  • Reported to be successful in both offensive and defensive battles.
  • When deployed in accordance to K.St.N. 461b, the ratio of fire from the 1/3 Hummel and 2/3 Wespe is a perfect mixture.
  • Reported to excel in the Eastern Front.
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Medical San.ger.Kw.
Motocycles BMW R17BMW R68BMW R71BMW R75DKW NZ 350FN M12Gillet Herstal 720 ABGnome-Rhône AX IINimbusZündapp DB 200Zündapp DBK 200Zündapp K 800Zündapp KS 600Zündapp KS 750
Transport & Towing Adler 10NAdler 12N 3GAdler 12N RWAdler 3GDAdler V40TAdler W61ADTKBMW 3/15 PSBMW 3/20 PSBMW 309BMW 315BMW 319Borgward 5 tBorgward B 3000 ABorgward B 3000 ABorgward Europa VBorgward L 2000 SBorgward L 2300Borgward Typ 3 t Benzin G.W.Borgward Typ 3 t Diesel G.W.Ford BBFord EGaFord EGbFord EGdFord EG Typ 40Ford G198TWAFord G388TSFord G398TSFord G917TFord G987TFord G997TFord V 3000AFord V 3000SFord V 3000S/SSM MaultierFord V8 G48Ford V8 G78Ford V8-51gp.Kw.Hanomag 3/16 PSHanomag 4/20 PSHanomag 4/23 PSHanomag GarantHanomag RekordHorch Typ 1a Kfz.15Horch Typ 1a Kfz. 21Horch 830BHorch 830RHorch 901Krupp L2H43-143l.gl.PkwMercedes-Benz 320 Model 1939Mercedes-Benz DB s 7Mercedes-Benz DB s 8Mercedes-Benz DB L 5Mercedes-Benz DB L 7Mercedes-Benz DB L 8Mercedes-Benz DB m 8Mercedes-Benz DB 9Mercedes-Benz DB 10Mercedes-Benz G3aMercedes-Benz LG63Mercedes-Benz LG65/3Mercedes-Benz LG65/4Mercedes-Benz LG3000Mercedes-Benz Lo2000Mercedes-Benz Lo2500Mercedes-Benz Lo2750Mercedes-Benz Lo3750Mercedes-Benz L701Mercedes-Benz L1500AMercedes-Benz L1500EMercedes-Benz L1500SMercedes-Benz L3000Mercedes-Benz L3000AMercedes-Benz L3000SMercedes-Benz L3750Mercedes-Benz L4500AMercedes-Benz L4500RMercedes-Benz L4500SMercedes-Benz L6500Mercedes-Benz L10000Mercedes-Benz O2600m.gl.pkw.Opel Admiral KastenwagenOpel 1,2L pritscheOpel 1,2L kastenlieferwagenOpel 2,0L pickupOpel 2,0L gas generator pickupOpel 10Opel P4 KastenlieferwagenOpel-Blitz gas generatorOpel-Blitz 1,0tOpel-Blitz 1,0t omnibusOpel-Blitz 1,0t KastenwagenOpel-Blitz 2,5t-32Opel-Blitz 2,5tOpel-Blitz 2,5t omnibusOpel-Blitz 3,0t ombibusOpel-Blitz 3,6t-36SOpel-Blitz 3,6t-36SSMOpel-Blitz 3,6-47 omnibusOpel-Blitz 3,6-47 Wehrmacht omnibusOpel-Blitz 3,6-6700AOpel-Olympia OL38Saurer RR-7schwerer Einheits PKW (FernsprechkraftwagenFlakkraftwagenFunkkraftwagenMannschaftskraftwagenProtzkraftwagenScheinwerferkraftwagen IScheinwerferkraftwagen IIVs.kw.)s.gl.gp.pkw. (4-rad)s.gl.gp.pkw. (6-rad)Škoda H6ST6-TŠkoda Radschlepper ÖstŠkoda Typ 903Škoda Typ 952Steyr-40D/140Steyr-40D/340Steyr-40D/440Steyr-270 1500A/02Steyr-470 RSO/01Steyr-640Steyr-2000ATatra 57 (ABK)Tatra 72Tatra 82Tatra 92Tatra 111Tatra 57KVW Typ 82 KübelwagenVW Typ 87VW Typ 166 Schwimmwagen
Sources
Books Online Documents
• Panzer Tracts No. 10-1
• Panzer Tracts No. 23
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